Sunshine Recorder

A sunshine recorder records direct sunlight as well as cloud covers at a given location. The glass sphere focuses the sun's rays burning a card inside. When the card is burnt, it indicates the total energy it recieved. The sunshine recorder is records sunlight in hours and cloud covers in octas.

Barometer

A barometer measures air pressure, or the weight of the air. It measures in millibars and uses water, air, or mercury.

Rain Gauge

This is a rain gauge. It measures the amount of precipitation in mm. The rain falls through a funnel into the bottom where it can be measured.

Weather vane

This is a weather vane. It measures the wind direction. The arrow points to the direction to show the cardinal wind direction. It does not have the units for it, just the direction like South, North, West and East.

An old, but handy invention!

This is a rain gauge. It is used to measure precipitation, and is measured in millimeters.
The most official rain gauges have a tall cylinder with a funnel at the top that collects water into the measuring tube which has one tenth of the area of the top of the funnel. Today, forecasters and airports use this instrument which was invented over one-hundred years ago!

Barometer

A barometer measures air pressure it is a scientist instrument used in meterology. it can measure the pressure exerted by the atmosphere by using water, air, and mercury.

Sunshine Recorder

This is a sunshine recorder. It records the direct sunlight at a given location. The results provide information about the weather and climate for that particular area. A sunshine recorder is measures in hours.

Weather Instrument

This is a Rain Gauge. Its is used measure rain in mm. It measures the rain as it moves through the funnel.

Rain Gauge

This is a rain gauge and it measures the amount of rainfall in milimetres. Some of the water will evaporate out of the gauge.

Barometer

This is an image of a barometer, it measure air pressure in kilopascals.

Barometer

A barometer is a device that will messure the atmospheric pressure. It can messure the pressure by using water, air, and most commonly mercury and they use this to forcast short term changes in the weather.

Barometer

This is a barometer. It messures air pressure in millibars or kilopascals.

Mammoth Cave

Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky, is the largest known cave system worldwide, with 630 km of passageways, and more being discovered every year. Many of the upper/older passageways have no stalactite or stalagmite because the rock is harder for water to penetrate.

Anemometer

An Anemometer is a device for measuring wind speed, and is a common weather station instrument. There are two classes of anemometers; those for measuring the wind's speed, and those for measuring the wind's pressure, but as there is a close connection between the pressure and the speed, an anemometer designed for one will give information about both.

Weather Instrument

This is a rain gauge. It measures the amount of rain fall in millimeters. It works by having the rain fall through the open top and then you can read the ml measurements written on its side.

Weather Vane

This is a Weather Vane. It's used to determine wind direction, the thing will point towards whichever direction the wind is blowing. It measures in Kilometers per hour.

Weather vein

This is a weather vane featuring a very artistic pig, it is used to determine wind direction.

barometer

A barometer is a scientfic instrument used in meteorology to nmeasure atmospheric pressure. It can measure the pressure exerted by the atmosphere using water, air or mecury. Pressure tendency can forecast short term changes in the weather. Nyumerous measurements of air pressure are used within surface weather analysis to help find surface troughs, high pressure systems, and frontal boundaries. A barometer messures air pressure in millibars.

Thermometer

This is a thermomter. The red stuff is mercury and it rises as the temperature rises. It measures in farenheit or celcius.

Caves

This is Maya cave, in Mexico. It has columns, stalactites, and stalagmites. They are formed when drops of water deposite limestone on the roof or floor of the cave. They take along time to form.

Mechanical Weather Instruments

An Anometer is a device used for measuring wind speed, and is a common weather station instrument. Anometers can be divided into two classes: those that measure wind speed, and those that measure the winds pressure.

Barometer

A Barometer is used in Meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure. It can measure the pressure exerted in the atmosphere by using water, air or mercury. Pressure tendancy can forecast short term changes in the weather. It is measured in Kilopascals.

Cave

This is a picture of the Callao Caves in Cagayan. These caves are well known for there massive rock formations such as limestone. This is just the cave opening and you can see the flow stone. The conditions within the caves have stalactites and stalagmites especially in the deeper chambers.

Bermuda Cave

This is a very interesting looking cave photographed in Bermuda. There are plenty of stalactites which is limestone slowly dripping off the celing of the cave. This cave also has water in it. Limestone gets disolved by water.

Cave

Vietnam's Son Doong is the world's largest cave known to man. It is located in Vietnamese jungle and is the worlds largest single passage cave yet found. At 262-by-262 feet (80-by-80 meters) in most places, the Son Doong cave beats out the previous world-record holder. The cave has a very large river that can be heard from outside the cave.

Eisriesenwelt Ice Caves

The Eisriesenwelt Ice Caves is one of the largest ice caves known to men. Eisriesenwelt is a natural limestone ice cave.  It is located in the Tennengebirge Mountains near Salzburg in Australia. Eisriesenwelt was formed by the Salzach river. The river eroded passageways in the mountain. Also, the ice in the cave was formed by melting snow which drained into the cave and froze again during the winter time.

Mammoth Cave in Kentucky

This cave is founs in central Kentucky it is a US national park. it is the longest cave system in the world. Features in them include flowstone, limestone,colums stalagmite, and stalactite. How it formed was by solution and water seeping through cracks of rocks. Geologists estimate that the oldest part of the cave is 10 million years old.

 

Carlsbad Caverns

This is a picture of the Carlsbad Caverns in a National Park located near Carlsbad, New Mexico in the United States. Carlsbad Caverns includes the Big Room, a natural limestone cave chamber which is the seventh largest cave chamber in the world. The caverns are decorated with stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and an incredible variety of other formations like flowstones that can be seen by several easily accessible trails. Over time, fracture in the ancient limestone sedimentation appeared, allowing mineral-laden water to cut through the rock and form the caverns.

Mammoth Cave, Kentucky

This is a picture of the Rotunda Room in Mammoth Cave. Mammoth Cave is found in Central Kentucky, and is the largest cave system known in the world. This cave developed in thick lime stone strata capped by a layer of sandstone which makes this cave system remarkably stable. Features found inside of Mammoth Cave are stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone, columns, helictites, travertine dams and several types of gypsum formations.

PLAYA LAKE

After flash floods in the desert, the water drains into temporary playa lakes that evaporate. They leave behind the salt, which give it a white colour.

Groins

This is a picture of groins built to trap sand. They are man made and it is made to prevent net loss of sand on beach from longshore drift.

Desert Feature

This is a Barchan. They are formed by wind. The wind pushes the sand to form peaks as shown.

SOIL CREEP

Soil creep is the most common form of mass wasting. Gravity pulls slanted land down slowly, giving it the name, 'soil creep.'

Alpine Glatiation

This is a photo of Alpine Glatiation. Formed by large mountains that are covered in ice.

Barrier Beach

This is a barrier beach. A sandspit is formed by longshore drift. Then the sandspit gets bigger and bigger and cuts off a bay between headlands; a barrier beach is formed. The lake between the bay and barrier beach is callled lagoon.

Lagoon

A lagoon is formed by offshore drift , cutting off a bay.

Sandspit

This is a picture of a sandspit. These are created by swash and backwash, also known as longshore drift.

Sand Spit

This is a sandspit. A sand spit is a depositional landform found off coasts. A sand spit connects at one end to land and the other goes out to sea. A sandspit is formed by longshore drift

SEA STACK

This is a sea stack. When wave refraction divides a headland into a coast plus an island, the island is called a sea stack.

Longshore drift diagram

Longshore drift is the transportation of sediments it is generally sand but may be other sediments. The sediments travel along a coast at an angle to the shoreline, whichisdepenedent on prevailing wind direction. Also known as longshore transport or littoral drift.

arete

An arete formed thousands of years ago by continential glaciers

Sandspit

This is a sandspit. It is formed when sand is picked up by longshore drift and deposited at the end of a beach to form a long strip of sand into the ocean.

Spit

This is a spit which has been created by longshore drift. Sand has been picked up and carried along the side of the island and instead of curving around when the island end it keeps going straight which causes the long stretch of sand known as a spit.

Tombolo

This is a picture of a tombolo. A tombolo is a sandbar that connects an island to the mainland or to another island.

Tombolo

This is a picture of a tombolo, a tombolo is a deposition land form formed by longshore drift in which an island is attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar. This narrow spit or bar is what makes tombolos very obvious, and easy to distinguish from other coastal land forms.

This is a sandspit created by humans to protect the bay from strong waves.

sand spit

This is a sand spit from San Diego. They come out fom one end of land into the sea and is formed through longshore drift.

Sea Stacks

These are sea stacks. They are formed by erosion, when the arch of the land has collapsed and the stack is left standing on its own.

Longshore Drift

Longshore drift consists of the transportation of sediments along a coast at an angle to the shoreline, which is dependent on prevailing wind direction, swash and backwash.

Sea Wall

A sea wall is a man made coastal deffense formed on the coast. This will prevent high tides from coming destroying property. But after a period of time the sand will have no where to deposit and the beach will be very small.